The correct answer is (B) To prove that wood can be used as a space-grade material

LignoSat was launched by Japan to test if wood could endure the harsh environment of space, including extreme temperature fluctuations and radiation. This satellite, made from honoki wood, aims to demonstrate wood’s potential as a sustainable material in space technology.

The correct answer is (C) Honoki

LignoSat is made from honoki wood, a type of magnolia native to Japan. This wood has been traditionally used in Japanese craftsmanship, and for LignoSat, it was crafted without screws or glue, utilizing traditional techniques.

The correct answer is (C) -100 to 100 degrees Celsius

As it orbits the Earth, LignoSat will encounter extreme temperature changes, ranging from -100 to 100 degrees Celsius every 45 minutes due to exposure to sunlight and darkness. This fluctuation will test the durability of wood in space conditions.

The correct answer is (B) Kyoto University and Sumitomo Forestry Co.

LignoSat was developed by Kyoto University in collaboration with Sumitomo Forestry Co. This joint effort aimed to explore the viability of wood as a material for space structures.

The correct answer is (B) To enhance river-sensitive urban planning

The River City Alliance’s primary objective is to promote healthy urban rivers by implementing an integrated approach to river-sensitive urban planning. It aims to create sustainable and eco-friendly urban river spaces across India’s 145 member cities.

The correct answer is (D) 145

As of 2024, 145 river cities are part of the River City Alliance in India. This organization is open to all Indian river cities, providing a platform to promote sustainable urban river planning and development.

The correct answer is (C) Kazakhstan

India and Kazakhstan have signed an agreement to establish a joint venture for titanium slag production in India. This collaboration aims to produce high-quality titanium feedstock for various industries, enhancing economic and technological ties between the two countries.

The correct answer is (B) Aerospace components, medical implants, and electronics

Titanium is widely used in industries that require lightweight, durable, and corrosion-resistant materials. Its applications include aerospace (e.g., aircraft engines), medical implants (due to biocompatibility), and electronics.

The correct answer is (B) It is produced by smelting ilmenite

Titanium slag is a byproduct of the smelting process of ilmenite, a titanium-rich ore. This slag is further refined to produce high-purity titanium dioxide feedstock, which is essential for industries like aerospace, automotive, and medical sectors.

The correct answer is (B) Ministry of Jal Shakti

The River City Alliance initiatives are overseen by the Ministry of Jal Shakti, which is responsible for water resources and river development in India. The alliance aims to foster sustainable urban development around river systems.

The correct answer is (B) Ilmenite and Rutile

Ilmenite (FeTiO₃) and rutile (TiO₂) are the two primary ores of titanium. These ores are rich in titanium dioxide, which is essential for producing titanium metal and titanium-based products widely used in various industries.

The correct answer is (C) Japanese crafts technique without screws or glue

LignoSat was constructed using a traditional Japanese crafts technique without screws or glue. This method preserves the natural properties of honoki wood and ensures that the satellite remains intact under space conditions.

The correct answer is (C) -100 to 100 degrees Celsius

LignoSat will face extreme temperature fluctuations in space, ranging from -100 to 100 degrees Celsius every 45 minutes. This is due to the satellite’s orbit, which exposes it to intense sunlight and darkness periodically.

The correct answer is (B) Reduces space radiation exposure for semiconductors

One of LignoSat’s objectives is to test wood’s ability to reduce space radiation’s impact on sensitive electronic components, such as semiconductors. This could potentially benefit satellite technology and data centers by using wood for shielding purposes.

The correct answer is (C) Reduced reliance on titanium imports

By producing titanium slag domestically, India can reduce its dependence on imported titanium materials, ensuring a steady supply for industries like aerospace, medical, and automotive, thereby supporting the country’s economic and industrial self-sufficiency.