1. Cacographer

Definition: A person who writes in an ugly, careless, or difficult-to-read handwriting.

English Meaning: One whose handwriting is poor, unclear, or unattractive.

Hindi Meaning: अशुद्ध, अस्पष्ट या कुरूप लिखावट वाला व्यक्ति — कुलेखक

Synonyms: Bad writer, Poor penman, Illegible writer

Antonyms: Calligrapher, Good penman

Example:

His handwriting was so poor that he was often regarded as a cacographer.

2. Cacographist

Definition: A person who frequently makes spelling mistakes or writes words incorrectly.

English Meaning: One who is habitually inaccurate in spelling.

Hindi Meaning: बार-बार वर्तनी की गलतियाँ करने वाला व्यक्ति — कुवर्तनी लेखक / अशुद्ध-लेखक

Synonyms: Poor speller, Bad speller

Antonyms: Accurate speller, Good speller

Example:

The student was once a cacographist, but regular practice improved his spelling.

3. Cadence

Definition: The rhythmic flow, rise and fall, or musical pattern of sounds in speech, writing or music.

English Meaning: A pleasing rhythm or regular pattern in sound or movement.

Hindi Meaning: स्वर, वाणी या संगीत की लयात्मक गति या उतार-चढ़ाव — लय, स्वर-गति, ताल

Synonyms: Rhythm, Beat, Intonation, Flow

Antonyms: Monotony, Irregularity

Example:

The speaker’s calm cadence made the speech easy to follow.

4. Caducity

Definition: The condition of being subject to decay, decline, or the weakness associated with old age.

English Meaning: The state of becoming old, weak, fragile or liable to decay.

Hindi Meaning: वृद्धावस्था से उत्पन्न दुर्बलता या क्षीणता — जरा-जर्जरता, वृद्धावस्था, क्षयशीलता

Synonyms: Senility, Frailty, Decline, Decay

Antonyms: Youthfulness, Vigour

Example:

The novel reflects upon human mortality and caducity.

5. Calligrapher

Definition: A person who specializes in producing beautiful and artistic handwriting.

English Meaning: A skilled writer of elegant or decorative handwriting.

Hindi Meaning: सुंदर एवं कलात्मक लिखावट लिखने वाला व्यक्ति — सुलेखक

Synonyms: Penman, Lettering artist

Antonyms: Cacographer

Example:

The calligrapher prepared an elegant certificate by hand.

6. Calligraphy

Definition: The artistic practice of producing decorative and aesthetically pleasing handwriting.

English Meaning: The art of beautiful handwriting.

Hindi Meaning: सुंदर और कलात्मक लिखावट की कला — सुलेखन

Synonyms: Penmanship, Handwriting art, Lettering

Antonyms: —

Example:

She learned calligraphy to improve the presentation of her invitations.

7. Calligraphist

Definition: A person skilled in the art of beautiful handwriting or decorative lettering.

English Meaning: One who practices calligraphy.

Hindi Meaning: सुलेखन करने वाला व्यक्ति — सुलेखक

Synonyms: Calligrapher, Penman

Antonyms: Cacographer

Example:

The calligraphist designed the title page in an elegant style.

8. Camouflage

Definition: A method, colour pattern, clothing or covering used to make a person, animal or object difficult to detect.

English Meaning: Concealment by blending with the surroundings.

Hindi Meaning: अपने वास्तविक स्वरूप या उपस्थिति को छिपाने की युक्ति — छलावरण, छद्मावरण

Synonyms: Concealment, Disguise, Cover, Masking

Antonyms: Exposure, Disclosure, Revelation

Example:

The soldiers wore uniforms designed for camouflage in the forest.

9. Cannibal

Definition: A person or animal that eats the flesh of members of its own species.

English Meaning: One who consumes the flesh of another member of the same species.

Hindi Meaning: अपनी ही जाति या प्रजाति के जीव का मांस खाने वाला — नरभक्षी / नरभक्षक

Synonyms: Man-eater (when referring specifically to humans)

Antonyms: Vegetarian (not an exact antonym)

Example:

Some historical accounts contain stories of cannibal practices.

10. Caption

Definition: A short title, heading or explanatory text accompanying a photograph, illustration, article or other material.

English Meaning: A brief heading or explanatory description.

Hindi Meaning: चित्र, समाचार, लेख या पुस्तक के किसी भाग के साथ दिया गया संक्षिप्त शीर्षक या विवरण — शीर्षक, चित्र-विवरण

Synonyms: Heading, Title, Label, Description

Antonyms: —

Example:

The newspaper published the photograph with an informative caption.

11. Captivating

Definition: Extremely attractive or interesting in a way that holds a person’s attention completely.

English Meaning: Fascinating and highly engaging.

Hindi Meaning: अत्यंत आकर्षक या मनमोहक, जो ध्यान को पूरी तरह अपनी ओर खींच ले — मोहक, सम्मोहक, मनोहर

Synonyms: Fascinating, Charming, Enchanting, Mesmerizing

Antonyms: Boring, Uninteresting, Tedious

Example:

The documentary presented a captivating account of the ancient civilization.

12. Cardiologist

Definition: A medical specialist who diagnoses and treats diseases and disorders of the heart and circulatory system.

English Meaning: A doctor specializing in heart-related diseases.

Hindi Meaning: हृदय और रक्तसंचार तंत्र के रोगों का विशेषज्ञ चिकित्सक — हृदयरोग विशेषज्ञ

Synonyms: Heart specialist, Cardiac physician

Antonyms: —

Example:

The patient was referred to a cardiologist for further examination.

13. Caretaker

Definition: A person employed or appointed to look after a building, property, institution or other place.

English Meaning: A person responsible for the maintenance or supervision of a place.

Hindi Meaning: किसी भवन, घर, संपत्ति या संस्था की देखभाल करने वाला व्यक्ति — देखभालकर्ता, रखवाला, कार्यवाहक

Synonyms: Caregiver, Custodian, Keeper, Attendant

Antonyms: —

Example:

The caretaker opens and closes the school building every day.

14. Cargo

Definition: Goods or merchandise transported by ship, aircraft, train or other means of transport.

English Meaning: Commercial goods carried from one place to another.

Hindi Meaning: जहाज, विमान या अन्य परिवहन साधन से ले जाया जाने वाला माल — खेप, माल, नौभार

Synonyms: Freight, Goods, Merchandise, Load

Antonyms: —

Example:

The aircraft was carrying valuable cargo.

15. Caricature

Definition: An exaggerated representation of a person or thing, usually created to produce humour or ridicule.

English Meaning: A distorted or exaggerated drawing, description or imitation used for comic or critical effect.

Hindi Meaning: किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु का हास्य या व्यंग्य उत्पन्न करने के लिए अतिरंजित चित्रण — व्यंग्यचित्र, हास्यचित्र

Synonyms: Satire, Parody, Cartoon, Mockery

Antonyms: Realistic portrait, Exact representation

Example:

The artist drew a political caricature of the leader.

16. Carnival

Definition: A public festival characterized by celebrations, entertainment, music, performances and other forms of amusement.

English Meaning: A festive public celebration.

Hindi Meaning: सार्वजनिक उत्सव या आनन्दोत्सव — कार्निवल, उत्सव, आनन्दोत्सव

Synonyms: Festival, Fair, Celebration, Festivity

Antonyms: Mourning, Solemnity

Example:

Thousands of visitors attended the annual carnival.

17. Carnivorous

Definition: Feeding mainly or exclusively on the flesh of other animals.

English Meaning: Flesh-eating.

Hindi Meaning: मांस या अन्य जीवों के मांस पर भोजन के रूप में निर्भर रहने वाला — मांसाहारी

Synonyms: Flesh-eating, Predatory

Antonyms: Herbivorous, Vegetarian

Example:

The tiger is a carnivorous animal.

18. Cartographer

Definition: A person who creates, studies or produces maps.

English Meaning: A specialist in map-making.

Hindi Meaning: मानचित्र बनाने या उनका अध्ययन करने वाला व्यक्ति — मानचित्रकार, नक्शानवीस

Synonyms: Mapmaker, Map designer

Antonyms: —

Example:

The cartographer prepared a detailed map of the region.

19. Catalogue

Definition: A systematically arranged list of books, products, objects or other items, usually with relevant information about them.

English Meaning: An organized list or record of items.

Hindi Meaning: पुस्तकों, वस्तुओं या अन्य सामग्री की व्यवस्थित सूची — सूची, सूची-पत्र, सूचीग्रंथ

Synonyms: List, Register, Inventory, Directory

Antonyms: —

Example:

The library published a catalogue of its rare books.

20. Catalyst

Definition: A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being permanently consumed in the reaction.

English Meaning: A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself undergoing permanent chemical change.

Hindi Meaning: ऐसा पदार्थ जो स्वयं स्थायी रूप से बदले बिना रासायनिक अभिक्रिया की गति बढ़ाता है — उत्प्रेरक

Extended Meaning: A person or event that causes or accelerates change.

Synonyms: Stimulus, Trigger, Accelerant

Antonyms: Inhibitor, Deterrent

Example:

The new policy acted as a catalyst for economic reform.

21. Catastrophe

Definition: A sudden event causing widespread and severe damage, suffering or destruction.

English Meaning: A major disaster or calamity.

Hindi Meaning: अत्यंत विनाशकारी या दुखद बड़ी आपदा — महाविपत्ति, विनाशकारी आपदा, अनर्थ

Synonyms: Disaster, Calamity, Tragedy, Cataclysm

Antonyms: Blessing, Success, Fortune

Example:

The earthquake was a major catastrophe for the region.

22. Cautious

Definition: Taking care to avoid danger, mistakes or unnecessary risks.

English Meaning: Careful and alert in order to prevent problems.

Hindi Meaning: खतरे या गलती से बचने के लिए सावधानी बरतने वाला — सावधान, सतर्क, सचेत

Synonyms: Careful, Vigilant, Alert, Prudent, Wary

Antonyms: Careless, Reckless, Rash

Example:

Investors should be cautious when making risky decisions.

23. Cavalry

Definition: Soldiers trained to fight while mounted on horses; historically, the term refers primarily to mounted troops and can also refer to certain armored formations in modern armies.

English Meaning: Mounted military troops.

Hindi Meaning: घुड़सवार सैनिकों की सेना — अश्वारोही सेना, घुड़सवार सेना

Synonyms: Mounted troops, Horse soldiers

Antonyms: Infantry (different military arm)

Example:

The king’s cavalry played an important role in the battle.

24. Celibacy

Definition: The state of voluntarily abstaining from marriage and/or sexual relations, especially for religious or spiritual reasons.

English Meaning: The state of remaining unmarried, often for religious reasons.

Hindi Meaning: विवाह और विशेष रूप से यौन संबंधों से विरत रहने की अवस्था — ब्रह्मचर्य, अविवाहित जीवन

Synonyms: Abstinence, Unmarried state, Chastity

Antonyms: Marriage, Conjugal life

Example:

Some religious orders require their members to observe celibacy.

25. Cemetery

Definition: A designated place where dead people are buried.

English Meaning: A burial ground.

Hindi Meaning: मृत व्यक्तियों को दफनाने का स्थान — कब्रिस्तान, समाधि-स्थल

Synonyms: Graveyard, Burial ground

Antonyms: —

Example:

The old cemetery contains graves dating back several centuries.

26. Centipede

Definition: A long-bodied arthropod with many segments, each generally bearing one pair of legs.

English Meaning: A many-legged arthropod.

Hindi Meaning: अनेक पैरों वाला एक लंबा खंडित जीव — गोजर, कनखजूरा

Synonyms: Chilopod

Antonyms: —

Example:

A centipede was found under the stone.

27. Centripetal

Definition: Directed or tending toward the centre of a circle or system.

English Meaning: Moving or acting toward the centre.

Hindi Meaning: केंद्र की ओर निर्देशित या केंद्राभिमुख — केंद्राभिमुख, केंद्राभिसारी

Synonyms: Inward, Centre-directed

Antonyms: Centrifugal

Example:

The planets are influenced by centripetal gravitational effects in orbital motion.

28. Century

Definition: A period of one hundred years.

English Meaning: One hundred years.

Hindi Meaning: सौ वर्षों की अवधि — शताब्दी, सदी

Synonyms: Hundred-year period

Antonyms: —

Example:

The monument was built more than a century ago.

29. Ceramics

Definition: The art, science and process of making objects from clay and other inorganic materials by shaping and firing them at high temperatures.

English Meaning: The craft or technology of producing pottery and other fired clay products.

Hindi Meaning: मिट्टी आदि से बर्तन और अन्य वस्तुएँ बनाने तथा उन्हें पकाने की कला या विज्ञान — मृत्तिका-शिल्प, चीनी-मिट्टी कला

Synonyms: Pottery, Ceramic art

Antonyms: —

Example:

The museum has an excellent collection of ancient ceramics.

30. Chaperon / Chaperone

Definition: An adult who accompanies and supervises another person, traditionally a young woman, especially in a social setting.

English Meaning: A person who supervises or accompanies someone, particularly for protection or propriety.

Hindi Meaning: किसी व्यक्ति, विशेषकर युवा व्यक्ति, की सामाजिक अवसरों पर देखभाल या निगरानी करने वाला संरक्षक — संरक्षक / संरक्षिका

Synonyms: Escort, Guardian, Supervisor

Antonyms: —

Example:

An adult chaperone accompanied the students during the educational trip.

31. Chasm

Definition: A deep, wide crack, gap or opening in the ground or between two things.

English Meaning: A very deep opening or a wide division.

Hindi Meaning: गहरी और चौड़ी दरार या खाई — गहरी खाई, दरार, गह्वर

Synonyms: Gorge, Ravine, Abyss, Gap

Antonyms: Bridge, Connection

Example:

A narrow bridge crossed the chasm.

32. Chauffeur

Definition: A person employed to drive a private car for another person.

English Meaning: A professional private-car driver.

Hindi Meaning: किसी व्यक्ति की निजी मोटरगाड़ी चलाने के लिए नियुक्त चालक — निजी चालक

Synonyms: Driver, Professional driver

Antonyms: —

Example:

The businessman arrived with his chauffeur.

33. Chip

Definition: A small piece broken or cut from a larger object; it may also refer to a thin slice of food such as a potato chip.

English Meaning: A small fragment or piece.

Hindi Meaning: किसी बड़ी वस्तु से टूटा या काटा गया छोटा टुकड़ा — टुकड़ा, खंड

Synonyms: Fragment, Piece, Splinter

Antonyms: Whole, Entirety

Example:

A chip of wood fell from the old table.

34. Choreographer

Definition: A person who designs and arranges movements and steps for a dance or performance.

English Meaning: A person who creates dance sequences.

Hindi Meaning: नृत्य की मुद्राओं और गतियों की रचना एवं व्यवस्था करने वाला व्यक्ति — नृत्य-निर्देशक

Synonyms: Dance director, Dance designer

Antonyms: —

Example:

The choreographer created a new sequence for the performance.

35. Chronic

Definition: Persisting for a long period or recurring frequently, especially in relation to a disease or problem.

English Meaning: Long-lasting or persistent.

Hindi Meaning: लंबे समय तक रहने वाला या बार-बार होने वाला — दीर्घकालिक, पुराना, चिरस्थायी

Synonyms: Persistent, Long-term, Prolonged

Antonyms: Acute, Temporary, Short-term

Example:

The patient suffers from a chronic respiratory condition.

36. Chronology

Definition: The arrangement of events according to the order in which they occurred.

English Meaning: The study or arrangement of events in time sequence.

Hindi Meaning: घटनाओं को उनके घटित होने के क्रम में व्यवस्थित करना — कालक्रम, कालानुक्रम

Synonyms: Timeline, Sequence, Time order

Antonyms: Disorder, Random order

Example:

The book presents the events in chronological order.

37. Chronometer

Definition: A highly accurate instrument for measuring time.

English Meaning: A precision timekeeping device.

Hindi Meaning: अत्यंत सटीक समय मापने वाला यंत्र — सटीक समयमापक यंत्र

Synonyms: Timekeeper, Precision clock

Antonyms: —

Example:

The marine chronometer helped sailors determine accurate time at sea.

38. Circumlocution

Definition: The use of more words than necessary to express an idea, often instead of using a direct expression.

English Meaning: An indirect or unnecessarily lengthy way of speaking or writing.

Hindi Meaning: किसी बात को सीधे कहने के बजाय घुमा-फिराकर या अनावश्यक रूप से अधिक शब्दों में कहना — वक्रोक्ति, घुमावदार अभिव्यक्ति

Synonyms: Periphrasis, Indirect expression, Wordiness

Antonyms: Directness, Brevity, Conciseness

Example:

The minister’s answer was full of circumlocution and avoided the main issue.

39. Clapping

Definition: Striking the palms of the hands together, usually to express approval, appreciation or encouragement.

English Meaning: Applauding by striking the hands together.

Hindi Meaning: प्रशंसा या समर्थन व्यक्त करने के लिए हाथों को आपस में बजाना — तालियाँ बजाना

Synonyms: Applauding, Applause

Antonyms: Silence

Example:

The audience began clapping after the performance.

40. Clasping

Definition: Holding something firmly with the hands or bringing two things together tightly.

English Meaning: Holding or gripping firmly.

Hindi Meaning: किसी वस्तु को मजबूती से पकड़ना या हाथों को कसकर जोड़ना — जकड़ना, पकड़ना

Synonyms: Gripping, Holding, Grasping

Antonyms: Releasing, Letting go

Example:

She stood clasping her hands in front of her.

41. Clenching

Definition: Closing or squeezing something tightly, especially the hands or teeth.

English Meaning: Tightening or closing firmly.

Hindi Meaning: हाथ, मुट्ठी या दाँत को कसकर बंद करना — कसकर बंद करना, भींचना

Synonyms: Tightening, Gripping, Squeezing

Antonyms: Relaxing, Releasing

Example:

He was clenching his fists in anger.

42. Clinging

Definition: Holding tightly to someone or something; remaining attached closely.

English Meaning: Holding on tightly or adhering closely.

Hindi Meaning: किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु से मजबूती से चिपके या जुड़े रहना — चिपकना, लिपटना

Synonyms: Adhering, Holding on, Sticking

Antonyms: Detaching, Releasing

Example:

The child was clinging to her mother.

43. Cloakroom

Definition: A room or designated place where coats, luggage or other personal belongings are temporarily kept.

English Meaning: A place for temporarily storing coats or luggage.

Hindi Meaning: सामान, कोट या अन्य वस्तुएँ कुछ समय के लिए रखने का स्थान — सामानघर, अमानती सामानघर

Synonyms: Baggage room, Luggage room, Checkroom

Antonyms: —

Example:

We left our bags in the station cloakroom.

44. Coaxing

Definition: Persuading someone gently and patiently to do something.

English Meaning: Encouraging or persuading someone through gentle persuasion.

Hindi Meaning: प्यार, धैर्य या मीठी बातों से किसी को किसी कार्य के लिए राजी करना — मनाना, फुसलाना

Synonyms: Persuading, Encouraging, Wheedling, Cajoling

Antonyms: Forcing, Coercing, Discouraging

Example:

After some coaxing, the child agreed to take the medicine.

45. Coinage

English Meaning: The invention or creation of a new word or expression; also, the system or process of making coins..

Hindi Meaning: नए शब्द या अभिव्यक्ति का निर्माण; सिक्कों का निर्माण / मुद्रा-निर्माण — सिक्कों का निर्माण/मुद्रा-निर्माण

Synonyms: Word formation, neologism, invention, minting

Antonyms: Obsolescence, extinction (context-dependent)

Example:

• The term “globalization” is a relatively modern coinage.

• The government introduced new coinage to replace the old currency.

Usage Note: Coinage has two important meanings: the creation of a new word or expression and the making of coins.

46. Collaborator

Definition: A person who works jointly with one or more people toward a shared objective.

English Meaning: A person who cooperates with others in a common task.

Hindi Meaning: किसी कार्य या उद्देश्य में दूसरों के साथ मिलकर काम करने वाला व्यक्ति — सहयोगी, सहकर्मी, सहकर्ता

Synonyms: Partner, Associate, Co-worker, Teammate

Antonyms: Opponent, Competitor

Example:

She worked with several collaborators on the research project.

47. Colleague

Definition: A person who works with another person in the same profession, organization or institution.

English Meaning: A fellow worker or professional associate.

Hindi Meaning: एक ही कार्यालय, संस्था या पेशे में साथ काम करने वाला व्यक्ति — सहकर्मी

Synonyms: Co-worker, Associate, Fellow worker

Antonyms: Rival, Competitor

Example:

My colleague helped me complete the report.

48. Colloquialism

Definition: A word, phrase or expression commonly used in informal everyday conversation.

English Meaning: An informal expression used in ordinary speech.

Hindi Meaning: दैनिक बोलचाल में प्रयुक्त अनौपचारिक शब्द या अभिव्यक्ति — बोलचाल की अभिव्यक्ति

Synonyms: Informal expression, Conversational expression

Antonyms: Formal expression, Literary expression

Example:

“Kids” is a common colloquialism for “children.”

49. Compassionate

Definition: Showing sympathy and concern for people who are suffering or facing difficulties.

English Meaning: Showing kindness and concern toward those in distress.

Hindi Meaning: दूसरों के दुःख या कठिनाई के प्रति सहानुभूति और दया रखने वाला — करुणामय, दयालु, सहानुभूतिशील

Synonyms: Kind, Sympathetic, Merciful, Humane

Antonyms: Cruel, Harsh, Callous

Example:

The doctor was known for her compassionate treatment of patients.

50. Compatriot

Definition: A person who belongs to the same country as another person.

English Meaning: A fellow citizen or person from the same country.

Hindi Meaning: एक ही देश का नागरिक या हमवतन — हमवतन, स्वदेशवासी, देशवासी

Synonyms: Fellow citizen, Countryman, Fellow national

Antonyms: Foreigner, Alien

Example:

The athlete thanked his compatriots for their support.

51. Concealing

Definition: Hiding something or preventing it from being seen, discovered or known.

English Meaning: Keeping something secret or out of sight.

Hindi Meaning: किसी वस्तु, तथ्य या जानकारी को छिपाना — छिपाना, गुप्त रखना

Synonyms: Hiding, Concealing, Covering, Suppressing

Antonyms: Revealing, Exposing, Disclosing

Example:

He was accused of concealing important information.

52. Concubine

Definition: A woman who historically lived with a man in a socially or legally recognized secondary relationship, often outside formal marriage.

English Meaning: A woman in a historically recognized but generally non-marital or secondary domestic relationship with a man.

Hindi Meaning: ऐतिहासिक या सामाजिक संदर्भ में ऐसी स्त्री जो किसी पुरुष के साथ वैवाहिक पत्नी से भिन्न, प्रायः द्वितीयक घरेलू संबंध में रहती थी — उपपत्नी

Synonyms: Consort (context-dependent), Secondary partner (descriptive)

Antonyms: Wife (not a strict antonym)

Example:

Historical texts sometimes describe rulers who maintained concubines within royal households.

Usage Note: Concubine is primarily a historical and social term and should be used carefully in modern contexts.

53. Condominium

Definition: A system in which two or more states exercise joint sovereignty over a territory; in modern property law, it can also refer to individually owned units within a jointly managed building or complex.

English Meaning: Joint control or ownership by two or more parties.

Hindi Meaning: दो या अधिक राज्यों द्वारा किसी क्षेत्र पर संयुक्त संप्रभुता; संपत्ति के संदर्भ में सह-स्वामित्व वाली आवासीय व्यवस्था — सह-राज्य, संयुक्त स्वामित्व

Synonyms: Joint sovereignty, Joint ownership, Co-ownership

Antonyms: Sole ownership, Unilateral control

Example:

The territory was historically governed under a condominium arrangement.

54. Conductor

Definition: A person responsible for collecting fares and assisting passengers on a bus or similar public transport; in music, a person who directs an orchestra or choir.

English Meaning: A fare collector on public transport; also an orchestra director.

Hindi Meaning: बस आदि में किराया वसूलने वाला व्यक्ति; संगीत में वाद्यवृंद या गायन दल का निर्देशक — परिचालक, टिकट-संग्राहक, संचालक

Synonyms: Fare collector, Director, Leader

Antonyms: Passenger (transport context)

Example:

The conductor checked the passengers’ tickets.

55. Congenital

Definition: Existing at or present from birth.

English Meaning: Present from birth, whether inherited or arising during development before birth.

Hindi Meaning: जन्म के समय से विद्यमान — जन्मजात

Synonyms: Inborn, Present at birth, Innate

Antonyms: Acquired, Developed

Example:

The child was diagnosed with a congenital heart condition.

Exam Note: Congenital means present from birth; it does not necessarily mean hereditary.

56. Congregation

Definition: A group of people assembled together, especially for religious worship.

English Meaning: An assembled group, particularly a religious community.

Hindi Meaning: पूजा या धार्मिक अनुष्ठान के लिए एकत्रित लोगों का समूह — भक्त-मंडली, सभा, समुदाय

Synonyms: Assembly, Gathering, Audience, Community

Antonyms: Dispersal, Separation

Example:

The congregation gathered for the evening prayer.

57. Connoisseur

Definition: A person with expert knowledge and refined judgment, especially in art, food, wine or other fields of appreciation.

English Meaning: An expert judge or highly knowledgeable admirer.

Hindi Meaning: किसी कला या विषय का गहरा जानकार और पारखी व्यक्ति — पारखी, विशेषज्ञ, कद्रदान

Synonyms: Expert, Critic, Specialist, Authority

Antonyms: Amateur, Novice, Ignoramus

Example:

He is a connoisseur of classical Indian music.

58. Consanguinity

Definition: A relationship between people who are related by blood.

English Meaning: Blood relationship or kinship.

Hindi Meaning: रक्त के आधार पर दो व्यक्तियों के बीच संबंध — रक्त-संबंध, समरक्तता

Synonyms: Blood relationship, Kinship

Antonyms: Unrelatedness

Example:

The law recognizes certain restrictions based on consanguinity.

59. Conscription

Definition: The compulsory recruitment of people, especially into military service.

English Meaning: Compulsory enlistment for military service.

Hindi Meaning: सैन्य सेवा में अनिवार्य भर्ती — अनिवार्य सैन्य भर्ती

Synonyms: Compulsory service, Draft, Enlistment

Antonyms: Voluntary enlistment

Example:

The government introduced conscription during the national emergency.

60. Constellation

Definition: A recognized pattern or group of stars in the sky.

English Meaning: A named group or apparent pattern of stars.

Hindi Meaning: आकाश में तारों का पहचाना गया समूह या तारामंडल — तारामंडल, नक्षत्रमंडल

Synonyms: Star pattern, Star group

Antonyms: —

Example:

Orion is a well-known constellation.

61. Consummate

Definition: Showing a very high degree of skill, perfection or accomplishment.

English Meaning: Extremely skilled, complete or perfect.

Hindi Meaning: अत्यंत कुशल, पूर्ण या सिद्ध — निपुण, पूर्ण, सिद्धहस्त

Synonyms: Perfect, Masterful, Accomplished, Expert

Antonyms: Incompetent, Unskilled, Imperfect

Example:

She is a consummate professional with decades of experience.

62. Contagious

Definition: Capable of being transmitted from one person or organism to another, especially through direct or indirect contact.

English Meaning: Spreadable from one individual to another.

Hindi Meaning: जो एक व्यक्ति से दूसरे व्यक्ति में फैल सकता है — संक्रामक, छूत का

Synonyms: Infectious, Transmissible, Communicable

Antonyms: Non-infectious, Non-communicable

Example:

Some viral diseases are highly contagious.

63. Contentment

Definition: A state of satisfaction and peaceful acceptance of one’s circumstances.

English Meaning: A feeling of satisfaction and inner peace.

Hindi Meaning: संतोष और मानसिक शांति की अवस्था — संतोष, तृप्ति, संतुष्टि

Synonyms: Satisfaction, Fulfilment, Peace

Antonyms: Discontent, Dissatisfaction, Restlessness

Example:

Material wealth does not always guarantee contentment.

64. Contemporary

Definition: Existing, occurring or living at the same time as another person or event.

English Meaning: Belonging to or occurring in the same period.

Hindi Meaning: एक ही समय या काल में रहने या होने वाला — समकालीन

Synonyms: Modern, Current, Coexisting, Present-day

Antonyms: Ancient, Historical, Prehistoric

Example:

Kalidasa was a contemporary of several Gupta-period scholars.

65. Convalescence

Definition: The period of gradual recovery after an illness, injury or medical treatment.

English Meaning: The process of regaining health after illness.

Hindi Meaning: बीमारी या चोट के बाद धीरे-धीरे स्वस्थ होने की अवस्था — स्वास्थ्यलाभ, आरोग्यलाभ

Synonyms: Recovery, Rehabilitation, Recuperation

Antonyms: Illness, Deterioration

Example:

The patient spent several weeks in convalescence after the operation.

66. Convivial

Definition: Friendly, cheerful and sociable, especially in a group or social gathering.

English Meaning: Warm, sociable and enjoyable.

Hindi Meaning: मिलनसार, हँसमुख और मैत्रीपूर्ण — मिलनसार, प्रसन्नचित्त

Synonyms: Sociable, Friendly, Jovial, Gregarious

Antonyms: Antisocial, Unfriendly, Reserved

Example:

The host created a warm and convivial atmosphere.

67. Corrigendum

Definition: A correction of an error in a published book, document, article or official material.

English Meaning: A notice or list of corrections to a previously published work.

Hindi Meaning: प्रकाशित सामग्री में हुई त्रुटि के सुधार की सूचना — शुद्धि-पत्र

Synonyms: Correction, Erratum, Amendment

Antonyms: —

Example:

The publisher issued a corrigendum to correct several typographical errors.

68. Corrigible

Definition: Capable of being corrected, improved or reformed.

English Meaning: Able to be corrected or reformed.

Hindi Meaning: जिसे सुधारा या ठीक किया जा सके — सुधार योग्य, संशोधनीय

Synonyms: Correctable, Reformable, Rectifiable

Antonyms: Incorrigible, Irreformable

Example:

The teacher believed that the student’s mistakes were corrigible.

69. Cortege

Definition: A group of people, vehicles or mourners accompanying a person or body, especially during a funeral procession.

English Meaning: A procession accompanying a funeral or important person.

Hindi Meaning: शवयात्रा या किसी महत्वपूर्ण व्यक्ति के साथ चलने वाला जुलूस — शवयात्रा, अनुयायी जुलूस

Synonyms: Procession, Retinue, Funeral procession

Antonyms: —

Example:

A large cortege followed the hearse.

70. Cosmonaut

Definition: An astronaut, especially one associated historically with the Russian or Soviet space programme.

English Meaning: A space traveller or astronaut.

Hindi Meaning: अंतरिक्ष यात्रा करने वाला व्यक्ति, विशेषकर रूसी/सोवियत अंतरिक्ष कार्यक्रम का अंतरिक्ष यात्री — अंतरिक्ष यात्री

Synonyms: Astronaut, Space traveller

Antonyms: —

Example:

The cosmonaut spent several months aboard the space station.

71. Cosmopolitan

Definition: A person who regards the world as a common home and is comfortable with different cultures; also describing a place containing people and influences from many cultures.

English Meaning: Worldly, internationally minded and free from narrow local prejudice.

Hindi Meaning: संकीर्ण स्थानीय या राष्ट्रीय पक्षपात से मुक्त तथा विश्व को अपना व्यापक समुदाय मानने वाला — विश्वनागरिक, विश्ववादी, सर्वदेशीय

Synonyms: International, Worldly, Universal

Antonyms: Provincial, Parochial, Narrow-minded

Example:

Mumbai is often described as a cosmopolitan city.

72. Coward

Definition: A person who lacks courage and is excessively afraid of danger or difficulty.

English Meaning: One who lacks courage.

Hindi Meaning: जिसमें साहस का अभाव हो — कायर, डरपोक

Synonyms: Craven, Timid person, Chicken (informal)

Antonyms: Brave person, Hero, Courageous person

Example:

A coward avoids every challenge because of fear.

73. Craving

Definition: A very strong and persistent desire for something.

English Meaning: An intense desire or longing.

Hindi Meaning: किसी वस्तु या अनुभव की तीव्र इच्छा — लालसा, तीव्र इच्छा, तृष्णा

Synonyms: Longing, Desire, Yearning, Appetite

Antonyms: Aversion, Dislike, Indifference

Example:

She had a strong craving for something sweet.

74. Crèche

Definition: A place where babies and young children are cared for while their parents or guardians are working or otherwise occupied.

English Meaning: A childcare centre or nursery for very young children.

Hindi Meaning: छोटे बच्चों और शिशुओं की देखभाल का केंद्र — शिशु-सदन, बाल-देखभाल केंद्र

Synonyms: Nursery, Day-care centre, Childcare centre

Antonyms: —

Example:

The office provides a crèche for employees with young children.

75. Credulous

Definition: Too ready to believe what other people say without sufficient evidence.

English Meaning: Easily convinced or deceived because of excessive trust.

Hindi Meaning: बिना पर्याप्त प्रमाण के दूसरों की बात आसानी से मान लेने वाला — सहजविश्वासी, भोला, विश्वासी

Synonyms: Gullible, Naive, Trusting

Antonyms: Skeptical, Suspicious, Disbelieving

Example:

A credulous person may easily fall for false claims.

76. Crusade

Definition: Historically, a military expedition undertaken in medieval Europe under religious justification; in modern English, a determined campaign for a particular cause.

English Meaning: A religious war historically; a vigorous campaign for a cause in modern usage.

Hindi Meaning: ऐतिहासिक संदर्भ में धार्मिक उद्देश्य से लड़ा गया युद्ध; आधुनिक अर्थ में किसी उद्देश्य के लिए चलाया गया अभियान — धर्मयुद्ध, अभियान

Synonyms: Campaign, Movement, Holy war (historical context)

Antonyms: Peace, Reconciliation

Example:

She began a crusade against corruption in public institutions.

77. Cryptography

Definition: The science and practice of protecting information by converting it into coded or encrypted form.

English Meaning: The study of codes and techniques for secure communication.

Hindi Meaning: सूचना को कूट या सांकेतिक रूप में सुरक्षित करने का विज्ञान — कूटलेखन, गूढ़लेखन

Synonyms: Encryption, Code-making, Secret writing

Antonyms: Decryption (opposite process)

Example:

Modern banking systems depend heavily on cryptography to protect digital information.

78. Cuckold

Definition: A traditional term for a married man whose wife has been unfaithful to him.

English Meaning: A husband whose wife has committed adultery.

Hindi Meaning: पारंपरिक अर्थ में ऐसा विवाहित पुरुष जिसकी पत्नी ने उसके साथ विश्वासघात कर किसी अन्य व्यक्ति से यौन संबंध बनाया हो — कुलटापति

Synonyms: Betrayed husband (formal descriptive expression)

Antonyms: Faithful husband (not a strict lexical antonym)

Example:

The term cuckold frequently appears in medieval and early-modern literature.

Usage Note: This is primarily a literary/historical term and may sound insulting in modern conversation.

79. Cuddling

Definition: Holding or embracing someone affectionately and closely.

English Meaning: An affectionate close embrace.

Hindi Meaning: स्नेहपूर्वक किसी को अपने पास लेकर गले लगाना या लिपटना — स्नेहपूर्वक आलिंगन करना

Synonyms: Embracing, Hugging, Nestling

Antonyms: Rejecting, Avoiding, Separating

Example:

The mother was cuddling her baby.

80. Curable

Definition: Capable of being successfully treated or cured.

English Meaning: Able to be cured.

Hindi Meaning: जिसे उपचार द्वारा ठीक किया जा सके — साध्य, उपचार योग्य

Synonyms: Treatable, Remediable

Antonyms: Incurable, Untreatable

Example:

The doctor explained that the condition was curable with proper treatment.

81. Curator

Definition: A person responsible for managing, preserving and organizing a museum, gallery, collection or similar institution.

English Meaning: A person who manages a museum or collection.

Hindi Meaning: संग्रहालय या किसी विशेष संग्रह की देखरेख और व्यवस्था करने वाला व्यक्ति — संग्रहाध्यक्ष, संग्रहालयाध्यक्ष

Synonyms: Custodian, Conservator, Keeper

Antonyms: —

Example:

The curator arranged the historical exhibition.

82. Curious

Definition: Eager to know, learn or discover something; also meaning unusual or strange in some contexts.

English Meaning: Inquisitive and eager to learn.

Hindi Meaning: जानने की तीव्र इच्छा रखने वाला; कभी-कभी असामान्य या विचित्र — जिज्ञासु, उत्सुक, कौतूहलपूर्ण

Synonyms: Inquisitive, Inquiring, Eager

Antonyms: Indifferent, Uninterested, Apathetic

Example:

A curious student asks questions and seeks evidence.

83. Cyclone

Definition: A large-scale atmospheric system in which winds rotate around a centre of low pressure.

English Meaning: A rotating storm system associated with low atmospheric pressure.

Hindi Meaning: निम्न वायुदाब के केंद्र के चारों ओर घूमने वाली तेज हवाओं वाला तूफानी तंत्र — चक्रवात, बवंडर

Synonyms: Storm, Tropical cyclone (where applicable)

Antonyms: —

Example:

The cyclone caused heavy rainfall along the coast.

84. Cynic

Definition: A person who habitually doubts the sincerity, motives or goodness of others.

English Meaning: One who is distrustful of people’s motives or idealism.

Hindi Meaning: दूसरों की नीयत, ईमानदारी या आदर्शवाद पर संदेह करने वाला व्यक्ति — निंदक, संशयवादी, अविश्वासी

Synonyms: Skeptic, Doubter, Distruster

Antonyms: Idealist, Believer, Optimist

Example:

The cynic believed that the charity campaign was motivated only by publicity.

85. Cynosure

Definition: A person or thing that attracts the greatest attention or admiration.

English Meaning: The centre of attraction or attention.

Hindi Meaning: सभी के आकर्षण या ध्यान का केंद्र — आकर्षण का केंद्र, ध्यान का केंद्र

Synonyms: Centre of attraction, Focal point, Centre of attention

Antonyms: Obscurity, Background

Example:

The young artist became the cynosure of everyone’s attention.

86. Cytology

Definition: The branch of biology concerned with the study of cells, including their structure and functions.

English Meaning: The scientific study of cells.

Hindi Meaning: कोशिकाओं की संरचना, कार्य और गुणों का अध्ययन करने वाला विज्ञान — कोशिका विज्ञान

Synonyms: Cell biology

Antonyms: —

Example:

Cytology is important in the diagnosis of certain diseases.

100+ ADDITIONAL IMPORTANT C-WORD ONE-WORD SUBSTITUTIONS

The following additions are especially useful for SSC, UPSC, BPSC, BSSC, Railway, Banking, Defence and State PCS examinations.

87. Cacophony

Definition: A harsh, unpleasant mixture of loud sounds.

English Meaning: A combination of discordant or unpleasant sounds.

Hindi Meaning: कर्कश और अप्रिय ध्वनियों का मिश्रण — कर्कश ध्वनि, कोलाहल

Synonyms: Din, Clamour, Discord

Antonyms: Harmony, Melody, Euphony

Example:

The cacophony of horns made it difficult to concentrate.

88. Cadaver

Definition: A dead human body, especially one used for scientific or medical study.

English Meaning: A human corpse.

Hindi Meaning: मृत मानव शरीर, विशेषकर चिकित्सकीय अध्ययन के लिए प्रयुक्त शरीर — शव, मृत शरीर

Synonyms: Corpse, Dead body, Remains

Antonyms: Living person

Example:

Medical students examined a cadaver during their anatomy class.

89. Cajole

Definition: To persuade someone to do something through gentle, persistent or flattering words.

English Meaning: To persuade through flattery or gentle pressure.

Hindi Meaning: मीठी बातों या प्रशंसा द्वारा किसी को राजी करना — मनाना, फुसलाना

Synonyms: Coax, Persuade, Wheedle

Antonyms: Deter, Discourage, Force

Example:

She cajoled her brother into helping her.

90. Callous

Definition: Showing little or no concern for the feelings or suffering of others.

English Meaning: Emotionally insensitive or unfeeling.

Hindi Meaning: दूसरों की भावनाओं या पीड़ा के प्रति असंवेदनशील — निर्दयी, कठोर, संवेदनहीन

Synonyms: Cruel, Insensitive, Unfeeling, Heartless

Antonyms: Compassionate, Kind, Sensitive

Example:

His callous remarks hurt the grieving family.

91. Calumny

Definition: A false and malicious statement intended to damage someone’s reputation.

English Meaning: A malicious false accusation.

Hindi Meaning: किसी की प्रतिष्ठा को नुकसान पहुँचाने के उद्देश्य से लगाया गया झूठा आरोप — अपवाद, झूठी निंदा, कलंकारोपण

Synonyms: Slander, Defamation, Libel

Antonyms: Praise, Commendation

Example:

The politician denied the calumny spread against him.

92. Capitulate

Definition: To surrender or stop resisting after being defeated or pressured.

English Meaning: To surrender or give in.

Hindi Meaning: विरोध छोड़कर आत्मसमर्पण करना — आत्मसमर्पण करना, हार मानना

Synonyms: Surrender, Yield, Submit

Antonyms: Resist, Defy, Oppose

Example:

The army finally capitulated after a prolonged siege.

93. Capricious

Definition: Changing suddenly and unpredictably.

English Meaning: Unpredictable and governed by sudden changes of mood or behaviour.

Hindi Meaning: अचानक और बिना स्पष्ट कारण के बदलने वाला — चंचल, मनमौजी, अनिश्चित

Synonyms: Fickle, Whimsical, Unpredictable

Antonyms: Stable, Consistent, Predictable

Example:

The region experiences capricious weather conditions.

94. Carnage

Definition: The killing of a large number of people, especially in a violent event or battle.

English Meaning: Extensive slaughter or mass killing.

Hindi Meaning: बड़ी संख्या में लोगों की हिंसक हत्या — नरसंहार, भीषण रक्तपात

Synonyms: Slaughter, Massacre, Bloodshed

Antonyms: Peace, Harmony

Example:

The battle resulted in terrible carnage.

95. Cartel

Definition: An agreement among independent businesses or organizations to control prices, production or markets.

English Meaning: A group formed to control a market through cooperation among competitors.

Hindi Meaning: बाजार, मूल्य या उत्पादन को नियंत्रित करने के लिए प्रतिस्पर्धी संस्थाओं का समझौता — कार्टेल

Synonyms: Consortium, Association, Combine

Antonyms: Competition

Example:

The authorities investigated the companies for allegedly forming a cartel.

96. Cascade

Definition: To fall or flow rapidly downward in stages; figuratively, a large number of events occurring one after another.

English Meaning: A rapid successive flow or series.

Hindi Meaning: क्रमशः तेजी से नीचे गिरना या घटनाओं का लगातार घटित होना — झरना, क्रमिक प्रवाह

Synonyms: Flow, Pour, Stream

Antonyms: Halt, Stop

Example:

A cascade of problems followed the initial mistake.

97. Casuistry

Definition: The use of clever but misleading reasoning to justify questionable actions or decisions.

English Meaning: Sophisticated but often deceptive moral reasoning.

Hindi Meaning: संदिग्ध कार्यों को सही ठहराने के लिए जटिल या चालाक तर्क का प्रयोग — कुतर्कपूर्ण नैतिक तर्क

Synonyms: Sophistry, Specious reasoning

Antonyms: Honesty, Straightforward reasoning

Example:

The lawyer’s argument was criticized as mere casuistry.

98. Cataclysm

Definition: A large-scale disaster or violent upheaval causing extensive destruction.

English Meaning: A devastating natural or social upheaval.

Hindi Meaning: व्यापक विनाश करने वाली भयंकर आपदा या उथल-पुथल — महाविनाश, प्रलयंकारी आपदा

Synonyms: Catastrophe, Disaster, Calamity

Antonyms: Stability, Peace

Example:

The earthquake was described as a geological cataclysm.

99. Categorical

Definition: Expressed in a clear, absolute and unconditional manner.

English Meaning: Absolute and without qualification.

Hindi Meaning: स्पष्ट, निश्चित और बिना किसी शर्त के — निश्चित, स्पष्ट, निरपेक्ष

Synonyms: Absolute, Unqualified, Definite

Antonyms: Conditional, Qualified, Ambiguous

Example:

The minister gave a categorical denial of the allegation.

100. Caustic

Definition: Extremely sarcastic, cutting or critical; in chemistry, capable of burning or corroding organic tissue.

English Meaning: Harshly sarcastic or chemically corrosive.

Hindi Meaning: तीखा और कटु; रसायन में संक्षारक — कटु, तीक्ष्ण, संक्षारक

Synonyms: Sarcastic, Cutting, Corrosive

Antonyms: Kind, Gentle, Mild

Example:

Her caustic comments offended several people.

101. Censor

Definition: A person or authority that examines material and restricts content considered unacceptable.

English Meaning: One who officially examines and suppresses objectionable material.

Hindi Meaning: प्रकाशित या प्रसारित सामग्री की जाँच कर उसे रोकने या सीमित करने वाला अधिकारी — सेंसर, नियंत्रक

Synonyms: Regulator, Reviewer, Suppressor

Antonyms: —

Example:

The film was reviewed by the censor before its public release.

102. Censure

Definition: To express strong official disapproval of someone’s actions.

English Meaning: Formal criticism or condemnation.

Hindi Meaning: किसी कार्य के लिए औपचारिक रूप से कड़ी निंदा करना — निंदा, भर्त्सना

Synonyms: Condemn, Criticize, Rebuke

Antonyms: Praise, Commend, Approve

Example:

The committee voted to censure the official.

103. Cerebral

Definition: Relating to the brain or characterized by intellectual rather than emotional activity.

English Meaning: Intellectual or related to the brain.

Hindi Meaning: मस्तिष्क से संबंधित या बौद्धिक — मस्तिष्कीय, बौद्धिक

Synonyms: Intellectual, Mental, Thoughtful

Antonyms: Emotional, Instinctive

Example:

The film is highly cerebral and requires careful thought.

104. Chagrin

Definition: A feeling of embarrassment, disappointment or distress caused by failure or humiliation.

English Meaning: Distress or embarrassment caused by failure.

Hindi Meaning: असफलता या अपमान के कारण होने वाली निराशा और लज्जा — खिन्नता, क्षोभ, निराशा

Synonyms: Disappointment, Embarrassment, Distress

Antonyms: Satisfaction, Pleasure

Example:

Much to his chagrin, he missed the final opportunity.

105. Charlatan

Definition: A person who falsely claims to have special knowledge, skills or qualifications.

English Meaning: A fraud who pretends to be an expert.

Hindi Meaning: झूठा दावा करके स्वयं को विशेषज्ञ बताने वाला धोखेबाज — ढोंगी, ठग, पाखंडी

Synonyms: Fraud, Impostor, Quack

Antonyms: Expert, Genuine professional

Example:

The so-called healer was exposed as a charlatan.

106. Chastise

Definition: To criticize, rebuke or punish someone severely.

English Meaning: To scold or punish strongly.

Hindi Meaning: कड़ी फटकार लगाना या दंड देना — फटकारना, दंडित करना

Synonyms: Rebuke, Scold, Punish

Antonyms: Praise, Reward, Commend

Example:

The coach chastised the players for ignoring the instructions.

107. Chicanery

Definition: The use of dishonest or deceptive methods to achieve a desired result.

English Meaning: Deception or trickery, especially in legal or political matters.

Hindi Meaning: धोखे या चालाकी से अपना उद्देश्य पूरा करने का प्रयास — कपट, छल, धूर्तता

Synonyms: Deception, Trickery, Fraud, Guile

Antonyms: Honesty, Fairness

Example:

The investigation uncovered financial chicanery.

108. Chimerical

Definition: Imaginative or fanciful but unrealistic or impossible.

English Meaning: Unrealistic or wildly imaginative.

Hindi Meaning: काल्पनिक और अवास्तविक — काल्पनिक, असंभव, मृगमरीचिका जैसा

Synonyms: Fantastical, Unrealistic, Illusory

Antonyms: Realistic, Practical

Example:

His plan to solve the problem overnight was chimerical.

109. Circumspect

Definition: Careful to consider all circumstances and possible consequences before acting.

English Meaning: Cautious and thoughtful.

Hindi Meaning: परिणामों और परिस्थितियों को ध्यान में रखकर सावधानी से कार्य करने वाला — सावधान, विवेकपूर्ण

Synonyms: Cautious, Prudent, Wary

Antonyms: Reckless, Careless, Impulsive

Example:

A diplomat must be circumspect when making public statements.

110. Circumvent

Definition: To find a way around a rule, obstacle or difficulty rather than confronting it directly.

English Meaning: To avoid or bypass something.

Hindi Meaning: किसी बाधा, नियम या समस्या को सीधे सामना करने के बजाय उसका रास्ता निकालकर बच निकलना — बच निकलना, परिहार करना

Synonyms: Bypass, Avoid, Evade

Antonyms: Confront, Face, Address

Example:

The company attempted to circumvent the regulations.

111. Clairvoyant

Definition: A person believed to have the ability to perceive events or information beyond normal sensory perception.

English Meaning: A person claiming or believed to possess extrasensory perception.

Hindi Meaning: ऐसा व्यक्ति जिसके बारे में माना जाता है कि वह सामान्य इंद्रियों से परे घटनाओं या वस्तुओं को जान सकता है — दूरदर्शी, अंतर्दृष्टा

Synonyms: Seer, Visionary, Psychic

Antonyms: Skeptic

Example:

The clairvoyant claimed to predict future events.

112. Clamour

Definition: A loud and confused mixture of voices or sounds; also a strong public demand for something.

English Meaning: A loud noise or widespread demand.

Hindi Meaning: शोरगुल या किसी मांग के लिए जोरदार सार्वजनिक आवाज — कोलाहल, शोरगुल, जोरदार मांग

Synonyms: Din, Uproar, Outcry

Antonyms: Silence, Quiet

Example:

There was a growing clamour for administrative reform.

113. Clemency

Definition: Mercy or leniency shown toward someone who has committed an offence or is being punished.

English Meaning: Mercy shown to an offender.

Hindi Meaning: अपराधी या दोषी व्यक्ति के प्रति दया या दंड में नरमी — क्षमादान, दया, उदारता

Synonyms: Mercy, Leniency, Compassion

Antonyms: Severity, Harshness

Example:

The prisoner appealed for clemency.

114. Coerce

Definition: To force someone to do something through threats, pressure or intimidation.

English Meaning: To compel by force or threat.

Hindi Meaning: बल, धमकी या दबाव द्वारा किसी को कुछ करने के लिए बाध्य करना — बाध्य करना, विवश करना

Synonyms: Compel, Force, Pressure

Antonyms: Persuade, Encourage, Permit

Example:

No one should be coerced into signing a document.

115. Cogent

Definition: Clear, logical and convincing.

English Meaning: Strong and persuasive because of sound reasoning.

Hindi Meaning: तर्कसंगत और प्रभावशाली — सुसंगत, प्रभावशाली, ठोस

Synonyms: Convincing, Compelling, Persuasive

Antonyms: Weak, Unconvincing, Illogical

Example:

The researcher presented a cogent argument.

116. Coherent

Definition: Logical, orderly and easy to understand.

English Meaning: Clear and logically connected.

Hindi Meaning: तार्किक रूप से जुड़ा हुआ और स्पष्ट — सुसंगत, क्रमबद्ध

Synonyms: Logical, Consistent, Connected

Antonyms: Incoherent, Confused, Disjointed

Example:

She gave a coherent explanation of the incident.

117. Complacent

Definition: Too satisfied with one’s situation and therefore insufficiently aware of possible problems or dangers.

English Meaning: Overly self-satisfied and unconcerned.

Hindi Meaning: अपनी स्थिति से अत्यधिक संतुष्ट होकर संभावित खतरे या समस्याओं के प्रति लापरवाह — आत्मसंतुष्ट, बेपरवाह

Synonyms: Self-satisfied, Smug, Unconcerned

Antonyms: Vigilant, Concerned, Alert

Example:

Success should not make an organization complacent.

118. Compendium

Definition: A concise but comprehensive collection of information on a particular subject.

English Meaning: A collection containing essential information on a subject.

Hindi Meaning: किसी विषय से संबंधित महत्वपूर्ण जानकारी का संक्षिप्त संग्रह — सार-संग्रह, संकलन

Synonyms: Compilation, Collection, Digest

Antonyms: —

Example:

The book is a useful compendium of Indian history.

119. Conflagration

Definition: A large and destructive fire.

English Meaning: A devastating fire.

Hindi Meaning: बहुत बड़ी और विनाशकारी आग — भीषण अग्निकांड, दावानल

Synonyms: Fire, Blaze, Inferno

Antonyms: Extinction, Quenching

Example:

The warehouse was destroyed by a massive conflagration.

120. Confluence

Definition: The meeting or flowing together of two or more rivers, streams, ideas or influences.

English Meaning: A coming together or meeting point.

Hindi Meaning: दो या अधिक नदियों, धाराओं या विचारों का मिलन — संगम, मिलन-बिंदु

Synonyms: Meeting, Junction, Union

Antonyms: Separation, Divergence

Example:

The city developed near the confluence of two rivers.

121. Conjecture

Definition: An opinion or conclusion formed without sufficient evidence.

English Meaning: A guess or theory based on incomplete information.

Hindi Meaning: अपर्याप्त प्रमाण पर आधारित अनुमान — अनुमान, अटकल

Synonyms: Guess, Speculation, Supposition

Antonyms: Fact, Certainty, Proof

Example:

His explanation remains a conjecture until evidence is found.

122. Conscientious

Definition: Careful, responsible and guided by a strong sense of duty.

English Meaning: Thorough and responsible in performing one’s duties.

Hindi Meaning: कर्तव्य के प्रति अत्यंत सावधान और जिम्मेदार — कर्तव्यनिष्ठ, ईमानदार, सजग

Synonyms: Dutiful, Responsible, Meticulous

Antonyms: Careless, Negligent, Irresponsible

Example:

She is a conscientious employee who completes every task carefully.

123. Consensus

Definition: General agreement among members of a group.

English Meaning: Broad agreement.

Hindi Meaning: किसी समूह के सदस्यों के बीच व्यापक सहमति — सर्वसम्मति, आम सहमति

Synonyms: Agreement, Harmony, Accord

Antonyms: Disagreement, Conflict, Division

Example:

The committee reached a consensus on the proposal.

124. Contempt

Definition: A strong feeling that someone or something is unworthy of respect or consideration.

English Meaning: Strong disrespect or scorn.

Hindi Meaning: किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु के प्रति अत्यधिक तिरस्कार या अनादर — अवमानना, तिरस्कार

Synonyms: Scorn, Disdain, Disrespect

Antonyms: Respect, Admiration, Regard

Example:

He treated the dishonest practice with contempt.

125. Contraband

Definition: Goods that are illegally imported, exported, sold or possessed.

English Meaning: Goods whose trade or possession is prohibited by law.

Hindi Meaning: कानून द्वारा प्रतिबंधित या अवैध रूप से ले जाया जाने वाला माल — तस्करी का माल, निषिद्ध वस्तु

Synonyms: Smuggled goods, Illegal goods

Antonyms: Legal goods

Example:

Customs officials seized the contraband at the border.

126. Contrite

Definition: Feeling sincere remorse and regret for having done something wrong.

English Meaning: Deeply sorry and remorseful.

Hindi Meaning: अपने गलत कार्य के लिए गहरा पश्चात्ताप करने वाला — पश्चात्तापी, अनुतप्त

Synonyms: Remorseful, Penitent, Repentant

Antonyms: Unrepentant, Defiant, Remorseless

Example:

The contrite student apologized for his behaviour.

127. Contumacious

Definition: Deliberately disobedient or resistant to authority.

English Meaning: Stubbornly disobedient.

Hindi Meaning: जानबूझकर आदेश या अधिकार की अवज्ञा करने वाला — हठी, अवज्ञाकारी

Synonyms: Defiant, Rebellious, Disobedient

Antonyms: Obedient, Compliant, Submissive

Example:

The court took action against the contumacious witness.

128. Corpulent

Definition: Excessively fat or large-bodied.

English Meaning: Very overweight or stout.

Hindi Meaning: अत्यधिक मोटा या स्थूल शरीर वाला — स्थूलकाय, मोटा

Synonyms: Obese, Stout, Portly

Antonyms: Slim, Lean, Thin

Example:

The painting depicts a corpulent merchant.

129. Credence

Definition: Belief in or acceptance of something as true.

English Meaning: Trust or belief.

Hindi Meaning: किसी बात को सत्य मानने का विश्वास — विश्वास, मान्यता

Synonyms: Belief, Trust, Acceptance

Antonyms: Disbelief, Doubt, Distrust

Example:

The evidence gave credence to the witness’s statement.

130. Cryptic

Definition: Difficult to understand because the meaning is hidden, mysterious or expressed indirectly.

English Meaning: Mysterious or obscure in meaning.

Hindi Meaning: जिसका अर्थ समझना कठिन हो क्योंकि वह रहस्यमय या अप्रत्यक्ष हो — गूढ़, रहस्यमय, सांकेतिक

Synonyms: Mysterious, Obscure, Enigmatic

Antonyms: Clear, Explicit, Obvious

Example:

The detective received a cryptic message.

131. Culmination

Definition: The highest point or final stage of a process or development.

English Meaning: The climax or final result.

Hindi Meaning: किसी प्रक्रिया का चरम या अंतिम परिणाम — चरमोत्कर्ष, पराकाष्ठा, परिणति

Synonyms: Climax, Peak, Conclusion

Antonyms: Beginning, Start, Origin

Example:

The award was the culmination of years of hard work.

132. Culpable

Definition: Deserving blame or responsibility for something wrong.

English Meaning: Responsible for wrongdoing.

Hindi Meaning: किसी गलत कार्य के लिए दोषी या उत्तरदायी — दोषी, अपराधी, उत्तरदायी

Synonyms: Guilty, Blameworthy, At fault

Antonyms: Innocent, Blameless

Example:

The investigation determined who was culpable for the failure.

133. Cumbersome

Definition: Large, heavy, complicated or difficult to handle.

English Meaning: Awkwardly large or difficult to manage.

Hindi Meaning: भारी, बोझिल या संभालने में कठिन — भारी-भरकम, बोझिल

Synonyms: Awkward, Bulky, Unwieldy

Antonyms: Convenient, Compact, Manageable

Example:

The old system was slow and cumbersome.

134. Curt

Definition: Brief and sometimes rudely abrupt in speech or manner.

English Meaning: Short and abrupt, often appearing impolite.

Hindi Meaning: बहुत संक्षिप्त और रूखा — रूखा, संक्षिप्त, अकस्मात

Synonyms: Abrupt, Brusque, Terse

Antonyms: Polite, Elaborate, Courteous

Example:

His curt reply ended the conversation.

135. Cynosure

Definition: A person or thing that becomes the main focus of attention.

English Meaning: Centre of attraction.

Hindi Meaning: आकर्षण या ध्यान का मुख्य केंद्र — आकर्षण-बिंदु

Synonyms: Focal point, Centre of attention, Attraction

Antonyms: Obscurity, Neglect

Example:

The monument became the cynosure of the entire festival.

136. Capitulation

Definition: The act of surrendering or giving up resistance.

English Meaning: Formal surrender.

Hindi Meaning: आत्मसमर्पण या प्रतिरोध छोड़ने की क्रिया — आत्मसमर्पण

Synonyms: Surrender, Submission, Yielding

Antonyms: Resistance, Defiance

Example:

The treaty followed the enemy’s capitulation.

137. Choreography

Definition: The planned arrangement of movements in a dance or performance.

English Meaning: The composition and arrangement of dance movements.

Hindi Meaning: नृत्य की मुद्राओं और गतियों की रचना एवं व्यवस्था — नृत्य-रचना

Synonyms: Dance arrangement, Dance design

Antonyms: —

Example:

The choreography of the opening performance was impressive.

138. Conclave

Definition: A private or formal meeting of a group of people for discussion or decision-making.

English Meaning: A private meeting or assembly.

Hindi Meaning: किसी विशेष उद्देश्य के लिए आयोजित औपचारिक या बंद बैठक — सम्मेलन, गुप्त बैठक

Synonyms: Conference, Assembly, Meeting

Antonyms: Public gathering

Example:

The leaders held a conclave to discuss the issue.

139. Concomitant

Definition: Existing or occurring at the same time as something else.

English Meaning: Accompanying or occurring simultaneously.

Hindi Meaning: किसी अन्य घटना के साथ-साथ होने वाला — सहवर्ती, साथ-साथ होने वाला

Synonyms: Accompanying, Concurrent, Simultaneous

Antonyms: Separate, Subsequent

Example:

Economic growth often has concomitant social changes.

140. Conflagration

Definition: A large destructive fire that causes extensive damage.

English Meaning: A huge destructive fire.

Hindi Meaning: व्यापक विनाश करने वाली भीषण आग — भीषण अग्निकांड

Synonyms: Blaze, Inferno, Fire

Antonyms: Extinction

Example:

The historic building was destroyed in the conflagration.

141. Contiguous

Definition: Sharing a common boundary or touching along an edge.

English Meaning: Sharing a border or directly adjoining.

Hindi Meaning: एक-दूसरे से सटे हुए या साझा सीमा वाले — सन्निहित, संलग्न

Synonyms: Adjacent, Bordering, Abutting

Antonyms: Separate, Distant

Example:

The two states have contiguous borders.

142. Corporeal

Definition: Having a physical or material body; not spiritual or abstract.

English Meaning: Physical or bodily.

Hindi Meaning: शरीर या भौतिक रूप से संबंधित — शारीरिक, भौतिक

Synonyms: Physical, Bodily, Material

Antonyms: Spiritual, Incorporeal, Intangible

Example:

The law distinguishes between corporeal and intangible property.

143. Credible

Definition: Believable and worthy of trust or confidence.

English Meaning: Capable of being believed.

Hindi Meaning: जिस पर विश्वास किया जा सके — विश्वसनीय, भरोसेमंद

Synonyms: Believable, Reliable, Convincing

Antonyms: Incredible, Unreliable, Doubtful

Example:

The witness gave a credible account of the incident.

144. Credulity

Definition: A tendency to believe things too readily without sufficient evidence.

English Meaning: Excessive willingness to believe.

Hindi Meaning: बिना पर्याप्त प्रमाण के बातों पर जल्दी विश्वास करने की प्रवृत्ति — सहजविश्वासिता, भोला विश्वास

Synonyms: Gullibility, Naivety, Trustfulness

Antonyms: Skepticism, Disbelief, Suspicion

Example:

Online fraud often takes advantage of people’s credulity.

145. Cryptogram

Definition: A message written in a secret code or cipher.

English Meaning: A coded or encrypted message.

Hindi Meaning: कूट या सांकेतिक भाषा में लिखा गया संदेश — कूट संदेश

Synonyms: Cipher, Code, Encoded message

Antonyms: Plaintext

Example:

The detective tried to decode the cryptogram.

146. Cull

Definition: To select and remove unwanted or inferior individuals or items from a group.

English Meaning: To remove less desirable members from a group.

Hindi Meaning: समूह में से अवांछित या निम्न गुणवत्ता वाली वस्तुओं/सदस्यों को चुनकर अलग करना — छाँटना, अलग करना

Synonyms: Select, Remove, Eliminate

Antonyms: Retain, Preserve, Keep

Example:

The farmer decided to cull the unhealthy animals.

147. Cursory

Definition: Done quickly and without giving sufficient attention to detail.

English Meaning: Hasty and superficial.

Hindi Meaning: बिना पर्याप्त ध्यान दिए जल्दी-जल्दी किया गया — सरसरी, सतही, जल्दबाजी वाला

Synonyms: Superficial, Hasty, Quick

Antonyms: Thorough, Detailed, Careful

Example:

The report received only a cursory examination.

148. Curtail

Definition: To reduce, shorten or limit something.

English Meaning: To cut short or reduce.

Hindi Meaning: किसी चीज़ को कम या सीमित करना — कम करना, घटाना, सीमित करना

Synonyms: Reduce, Shorten, Restrict, Cut

Antonyms: Extend, Increase, Expand

Example:

The government introduced measures to curtail unnecessary expenditure.

149. Custodian

Definition: A person responsible for protecting, maintaining or taking care of something.

English Meaning: A caretaker or guardian.

Hindi Meaning: किसी वस्तु, संपत्ति या संस्था की देखभाल करने वाला व्यक्ति — संरक्षक, अभिरक्षक, देखभालकर्ता

Synonyms: Guardian, Caretaker, Keeper

Antonyms: Negligent person

Example:

The librarian acts as the custodian of rare manuscripts.

150. Cutaneous

Definition: Relating to or affecting the skin.

English Meaning: Related to the skin.

Hindi Meaning: त्वचा से संबंधित — त्वचीय

Synonyms: Dermal, Skin-related

Antonyms: Internal

Example:

The doctor examined the patient for cutaneous symptoms.

151. Cynical

Definition: Believing that people are mainly motivated by selfish interests rather than sincerity or noble intentions.

English Meaning: Distrustful of people’s motives.

Hindi Meaning: दूसरों की नीयत और ईमानदारी के प्रति संदेहपूर्ण — निंदक, संशयवादी, अविश्वासी

Synonyms: Skeptical, Distrustful, Pessimistic

Antonyms: Trusting, Idealistic, Optimistic

Example:

His cynical attitude made him doubt every promise.

152. Clandestine

Definition: Kept secret because something is unauthorized, illegal or intended to avoid public attention.

English Meaning: Secret and concealed.

Hindi Meaning: गुप्त रूप से किया गया, विशेषकर इसलिए कि उसे सार्वजनिक नहीं किया जाना चाहिए — गुप्त, गुप्त रूप से किया गया

Synonyms: Secret, Covert, Hidden, Surreptitious

Antonyms: Open, Public, Overt

Example:

The officials were accused of holding a clandestine meeting.

153. Coeval

Definition: Having the same age or existing during the same period.

English Meaning: Contemporary or of the same age.

Hindi Meaning: समान आयु या समान काल का — समकालीन, समवयस्क

Synonyms: Contemporary, Concurrent, Coexistent

Antonyms: Successive, Later, Earlier

Example:

The two civilizations were largely coeval.

154. Commensurate

Definition: Corresponding in size, degree, importance or extent.

English Meaning: Proportionate or appropriate in size or degree.

Hindi Meaning: मात्रा, स्तर या महत्व के अनुरूप — अनुपाती, अनुरूप, समानुपाती

Synonyms: Proportionate, Corresponding, Equivalent

Antonyms: Disproportionate, Incommensurate

Example:

The salary should be commensurate with the employee’s experience.

155. Confluent

Definition: Coming together or merging, especially streams, rivers or ideas.

English Meaning: Flowing or joining together.

Hindi Meaning: एक साथ मिलकर एक प्रवाह या इकाई बनाने वाला — संगमशील, मिलनशील

Synonyms: Merging, Joining, Converging

Antonyms: Divergent, Separate

Example:

The two confluent streams formed a larger river.

156. Contumely

Definition: Insulting or abusive language or treatment.

English Meaning: Harshly insulting or contemptuous treatment.

Hindi Meaning: अपमानजनक या तिरस्कारपूर्ण व्यवहार — अपमान, तिरस्कार, दुर्वचन

Synonyms: Insult, Abuse, Contempt

Antonyms: Respect, Honour, Praise

Example:

He endured years of public contumely.

157. Copious

Definition: Existing or available in large quantities.

English Meaning: Abundant or plentiful.

Hindi Meaning: बहुत अधिक मात्रा में उपलब्ध — प्रचुर, विपुल, भरपूर

Synonyms: Abundant, Plentiful, Ample, Profuse

Antonyms: Scarce, Sparse, Meagre

Example:

The researcher collected copious amounts of data.

158. Corporeal

Definition: Having a material, physical existence.

English Meaning: Physical rather than spiritual or abstract.

Hindi Meaning: भौतिक या शारीरिक रूप से विद्यमान — भौतिक, शारीरिक

Synonyms: Physical, Material, Bodily

Antonyms: Spiritual, Incorporeal

Example:

The discussion concerned both corporeal and intellectual property.

159. Cosmography

Definition: The study or description of the universe and the arrangement of celestial bodies.

English Meaning: The descriptive study of the universe.

Hindi Meaning: ब्रह्मांड और उसके विभिन्न खगोलीय पिंडों का वर्णनात्मक अध्ययन — ब्रह्मांड-विज्ञान

Synonyms: Cosmic description, Astronomy (related but not identical)

Antonyms: —

Example:

Ancient cosmography often combined astronomy with philosophical ideas.

160. Cryptozoology

Definition: The study of animals whose existence is claimed but has not been scientifically established.

English Meaning: The investigation of alleged unknown animals.

Hindi Meaning: ऐसे कथित जीवों का अध्ययन जिनके अस्तित्व का वैज्ञानिक प्रमाण अभी स्थापित नहीं हुआ है — क्रिप्टोजूलॉजी

Synonyms: Study of unknown animals

Antonyms: —

Example:

Cryptozoology investigates reports of supposedly unknown creatures.